Breastfeeding is more than a lifestyle choice it is an important health choice. The cdc guide to strategies to support breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding, without any additional food or fluids, not even water, for the first six months. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers. Breast milk and breastfeeding provides many health benefits for mothers and babies. Pdf importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary.
If the newborn receives any other liquids including water during the entire hospitalization, select allowable value. These nutrients are major prerequisites to the health and survival of the baby. In nigeria, contraceptive use is still low though its knowledge is widespread. Because of the demonstrated benefits of exclusive breastfeed ing, in 2001 the who recommended that infants should be exclusively breastfed for 6 months. The practices to be followed in breastfeeding a baby. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined in this study as the practice of giving the infant breast milk without any additional food or drink, including water.
The exclusive breastfeeding rate and early initiation to breastfeeding are still very low, because there are many factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding such as, lack of knowledge. Breastfeeding protects against diarrhoea and common childhood illnesses such as pneumonia, and may also have longerterm health benefits for the mother and child, such as reducing the risk of overweight and obesity in childhood and. Determinants of suboptimal breastfeeding practices in. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Some of the nutrients in breast milk also help protect your infant against some common childhood illnesses and. Teaching points use and define the term exclusive breastfeeding. Dec 21, 2018 exclusive breastfeeding is ideal nutrition and it is sufficient to support optimal growth and development for the first 6 months after birth, according to the american academy of pediatrics. The world health organization recommends that all infants should be exclusively breastfed for six months or longer, and advises continuation of breastfeeding for two years or beyond.
Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk. Exclusive breastfeeding is when a baby receives only breast milk, without any additional food or drinks, including water, until 6 months of age. The purpose of the project was to identify the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among mothers during the first 4. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life is recommended by the world health organization and united nations childrens fund. The cdc guide to strategies to support breastfeeding mothers and babies. It is the food least likely to cause allergic reactions.
Exclusive breastfeeding, though likely practiced widely in the distant past, was no longer traditional by the time the feasibility of giving it a blanket recommendation was discovered and reported on until that time, it was widely assumed that, at least in hot climates, breastfed babies needed additional water, so it was not possible to give a blanket recommendation to. At that time, preterm infants admitted to neonatal units could be ethically allocated at random to receive banked breastmilk or formula. Exclusive breast milk feeding is defined as a newborn receiving only breast milk and no other liquids or solids except for drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, minerals, or medicines. Exclusive breastfeeding for optimal growth, development and. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated. Breastfeeding has many wellestablished health benefits for infants and mothers.
Breastfeeding protects against diarrhoea and common childhood illnesses such as pneumonia, and may also have longerterm health benefits for the mother and child, such as reducing the risk of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. Breastfeeding has important positive longterm health consequences for infants and mothers. The world health organization who 1 recommends that women exclusively breastfeed for six months. Breast milk contains all the nutrients an infant needs in the first six months of life. Mixed feeding can increase the chances of a child getting infections. Exclusive breastfeeding breastfeeding is an unequaled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. No other liquids or solids are given not even water with the. Infants weaned before 12 months of age should not receive cows milk feedings but should receive ironfortified infant formula.
Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk, be it directly from breast or expressed, except drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine. Importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Jul 24, 2019 breastfeeding survival rates were significantly higher in the bsp group than in the control group for any breastfeeding logrank test. Further research is necessary to assess whether the health impact of breastfeeding for mother and child is also present with the feeding of expressed milk. Duration and exclusivity are the key measures of breastfeeding patterns 25.
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, with gradual introduction of solid foods after 6 months, is recognized as the preferred method of infant feeding. World health organization on exclusive breastfeeding. As stated in the global strategy on infant and young child feeding pdf, 192kb. Implementing the joint commission perinatal care core measure. Our urban academic facility has had longstanding low ebf rates, serving a population with breastfeeding disparities. The breastfeeding duration after 2 years depends entirely on the mother and the baby. Duration is the length of time for any breastfeeding, including breastfeeding through the initial stage of exclusive breastfeeding and any period of complementary feeding until weaning 3,6. Breast milk contains the right balance of nutrients to help your infant grow into a strong and healthy toddler. Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a womans breast. Improving exclusive breastfeeding in an urban academic. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding healthy newborn. Questioning current definitions for breastfeeding research. Breastfeeding on demand that is as often as the child.
Implementing the joint commission perinatal care core. While breastfeeding beyond 6 months, a baby should receive foods with breast milk until the age of 2 or older. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its association among mothers. Important note on non exclusive breast milk feeding. Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the essential actions for infant development and survival. We sought to improve ebf rates through a learning collaborative model by. Breast milk has diseasefighting cells called antibodies that help.
Dec 21, 2018 exclusive breastfeeding is ideal nutrition and sufficient to support optimal growth and development for approximately the first 6 months after birth. Breastfeeding has many health benefits for both the mother and infant. If the newborn receives any other liquids including water during the entire hospitalization, select allowable value no. Two principles guided the development of the strategy. This includes even premature and sick babies, with rare exceptions. The cdc guide to strategies to support breastfeeding mothers. The world health organizations infant feeding recommendation. The prevalences of timely initiation of breastfeeding, bottlefeeding in children aged 023 months, exclusive breastfeeding and predominant breastfeeding in infants aged 05 months were 273 %, 321 %, 371 % and 187 %, respectively. Human milk is the ideal nourishment for infants survival, growth and development.
The world health organizations infant feeding recommendation as stated in the global strategy on infant and young child feeding pdf, 192kb wha55 a5515, paragraph 10. The usbc toolkit, implementing the joint commission perinatal care core measure on exclusive breast milk feeding, addresses the exclusive breast milk feeding core measure. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding terms and definitions. Who exclusive breastfeeding for optimal growth, development. Because of the demonstrated benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, in 2001 the who recommended that infants should. Full breastfeeding is either exclusive or almost exclusive the latter allowing for water, juice, and infrequently given food. Breastfeeding definition of breastfeeding by medical dictionary. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of exclusive versus non exclusive breastfeeding on specific infant morbidities from birth to nine months, in conakry, guinea. Unicef progress for children exclusive breastfeeding. Followup of these subjects in adolescence has provided experimental evidence on the longterm effects of breastfeeding 35.
The new indicator values can be considered as baseline data. This study investigates the knowledge and practice of on exclusive breast feeding ebf as a lactating amenorrhea method lam contraceptive among women currently bearing. Defining exclusive breastfeeding in australia wiley online library. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is recommended as the optimal way to feed infants. Download the toolkit revised 20 part 1 of the toolkit, guidelines for data collection, was originally released in january 2010.
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements. There is greater risk reduction in health outcomes with exclusive breastfeeding ebf. Accurate measurement of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is complicated by factors related to definitions, timing, duration of recall, methods of analysis, and sample biases. Exclusive breast milk feeding during the newborns entire hospitalization the measure is reported as an overall rate which includes all newborns that were exclusively fed. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is the optimal way to feed infants.
Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers in. Mothers and babies benefit the most when breast milk is the only food or liquid given to babies for the first six months exclusive breastfeeding. Health professionals recommend that breastfeeding begin within the first hour of a babys life and continue as often and as much as the baby wants. Partial breastfeeding is defined as either high over 80 per cent breast milk, medium, or low under 20 per cent breast milk. The first concern is that the small number of women who. The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors. Breastfeeding definitions and data collection periods. Breastfeeding trends and updated national health objectives for exclusive breastfeeding united states birth years 20002004. The effect of a breastfeeding support programme on.
The theory of planned behavior was used as a theoretical framework for this study. The best physiological window of opportunity to stimulate lactation begins immediately after delivery, in the inpatient setting. Jul 10, 2017 exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk, be it directly from breast or expressed, except drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine. Exclusive breastfeeding as defined by who and unicef is the practice whereby an infant receives only breast milk. However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is very low in many developing countries including ethiopia. Supporting breastfeeding during the hospital stay is ideal for a number of reasons. E fficacy of homebased peer counselling to promote. Researchers and clinicians categorize breastfeeding as either full or partial.
However, these recommendations are not met in many countries. Exclusivity is a measure of the amount of breastfeeding without supplementation e. Thereafter children should receive complementary foods with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond. Furthermore, it is recommended that breastfeeding continue for at least 12 months, and thereafter for as long as mutually desired. Nqfendorsed voluntary consensus standards for hospital care measure information form. Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as feeding an infant on breast milk only from birth up to the age of six months. Measurement provides sample questionnaires and operational guidance to facilitate the inclusion and standard measurement of the indicators in other surveys 5. Breastfeeding definition of breastfeeding by medical. Provision of an address does not constitute an endorsement of this organization by cdc or the federal. Human milk is the preferred feeding for all infants, including premature and sick newborns, with rare exceptions. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding. However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in ethiopia has been estimated at 52% which is far less.
As stated in the global strategy on infant and young child feeding pdf, 192kb wha55 a5515, paragraph 10. Review of evidence has shown that, on a population basis, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is the optimal world health organization on exclusive. This means to give a baby breast milk only, with the exception of oral rehydration solution, vitamins, minerals or medicines. The exclusive breastfeeding rate and early initiation to breastfeeding are still very low, because there are many factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding such as, lack of knowledge, lactation problems, poor family and social support, social norms, embarrassment, employment and child care, and health services. Breastfeeding benefits of breastfeeding medlineplus. Internationally, most surveys use a pointintime or current status measurement usually 24. The early practices supporting breastfeeding are well practiced with rate of exclusive breastfeeding reaching 63. For infants to survive, grow and develop properly they require the right proportion of nutrients. Web site addresses of nonfederal organizations are provided solely as a service to readers. Clearly prospective methods are likely to be more accurate but are too expensive to use in most largescale surveys. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined in this study as the practice of giving the infant breast milk without any additional food or. When direct breastfeeding is not possible, expressed human milk, fortified when necessary for the premature infant, should be provided.
The effects of exclusive versus nonexclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding provides ideal nutrition despite any social or economic disadvantages that may exist for the child. Exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant receives only breast milk. However, we have three concerns about the generalisability of their findings. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among mothers during. Having realtime access to clinical staff in the hospital is an. Exclusive breastfeeding may reduce the risk of anemia by delaying the return of the menstrual cycle for 20 to 30 weeks. Exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life stimulates babies immune systems and protects them from diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections two of the major causes of infant mortality in the developing world and improves their responses.
According to the american academy of pediatrics, human breast milk is preferred for all infants. Some of the nutrients in breast milk also help protect your infant against some common childhood illnesses and infections. The benefits of breastfeeding are physical, emotional, and economic. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the first six. Materials and methods operational definition of exclusive breastfeeding. Defining exclusive breastfeeding in australia binns. There is strong research support that breast milk is the most appropriate nourishment for most infants. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of exclusive versus nonexclusive breastfeeding on specific infant morbidities from birth to nine months, in conakry, guinea. Sep 09, 20 the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for infants to survive, grow and develop properly they require the right proportion of nutrients.
Specific morbidities investigated included diarrhoea, respiratory infections, otitis, urinary infection, meningitis, and low growth. The infant receives human milk including expressed milk, donor milk and allows the infant to receive oral rehydration solution ors, syrups vitamins, minerals, medicines but does not allow the infant to receive anything else. Ardythe morrow and colleagues april 10, p 12261 report the findings of a randomised controlled trial of peer counselling to promote exclusive breastfeeding and make an important contribution to the discussions about effective methods to increase breastfeeding. The surgeon generals call to action to support breastfeeding. Only half the studies identified that claimed to measure exclusive breastfeeding used a definition consistent with the world health organisation. In addition, we examined the efficacy of an intervention to increase breastfeeding duration and to decrease the risk of infant d i a r r h o e a. Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants.
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